Glossary of terms

The transfer of property or rights from one party to another.

To be identified as the work of a particular author.

The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.

Copyrighting, copywritten, copywrite or copywright are popular cause for confusion or miss-spellings. These are dealt with in our page dealing with Common miss-spellings and misconceptions.

A notice which is placed on a work to inform others that the work is protected by copyright.

More details can be found on our fact sheet dealing with copyright notices.

The symbol, © or sometimes , that is used to denote copyright. For more information, see our page dealing with copyright symbols.

Creative Commons is an organisation that provides licensing information aimed at achieving a mutual sharing and flexible approach to copyright.

Concurrent Versions System. A version control system used to record and track modifications to files, enabling the user to retrieve earlier versions of the work and track development.

‘De minimis non curat lex’ is a Latin phrase, meaning the law has no interest in trivial matters (literally ’about very little not attention law’). In a legal sense, it means something which is unworthy of the law’s attention.

Use that lowers public opinion or harms a reputation.

A work that is based on (derived from) another work. For example a painting of a photograph.

As the adaption of copyright work is a restricted act, unless covered under fair dealing rules, the artist will normally require the permission of the copyright owner before making a derivative work.

A renunciation of liability or claim.

This is defined as evidence that the work progressed over a period of time, rather than being copied from elsewhere, and normally takes the form of development work such as background research, draft versions, rough sketches, first recordings etc.

The Federation Against Copyright Theft.

Acts which are allowable in relation to copyright works under statutory legislation. What constitutes 'fair use' may differ from country to country, but normally includes educational and private study use and news reporting.

Footprints are deliberate mistakes or hidden elements that will be known only to you. A typical example would be the software designer who includes redundant subroutines that identify the author in some way.

A revision of great significance of a major change.

International Intellectual Property Alliance: The International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA) is a private sector coalition formed in 1984 to represent the U.S. copyright-based industries.

The act of copying, distributing or adapting a work without permission.

A product of the intellect, including copyright works, trademarks and patents.

An agreement that allows use of a work subject to conditions imposed by the copyright owner.

Moral rights are concerned with the protection of the reputation of the author. In particular the right to be attributed for the creation of a work, and the right to object to defamatory treatment.

National Television System Committee - A video recording standard with 525 lines and a frame rate of 30 frames per second.

Phase Alternation by Line - A video recording standard with 625 horizontal lines, and frame rate of 25 frames per second. PAL countries include: Afghanistan, Algeria, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brunei, Cameroon, Canary Islands, China, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madeira, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Yeman , Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Using the work or name of an organisation or individual without consent to promote a competing product or service.

A grant made by a government that confers upon the creator of an invention the sole right to make, use and sell that invention for a set period of time.

Phonogram copyright

The distinct right applied to an individual sound recording, which will operate separately from rights existing in the underlying musical composition.

A share paid to a writer or composer out of the proceeds resulting from the sale or performance of his or her work.

Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire - Video recording format format used in France, Greece, Luxembourg, Saudi Arabia using 625 lines per frame.

The acronym originally meant ‘Society of European Stage Authors and Composers’, which is a rather misleading title as the company actually provides performance licenses in the US.

A name, symbol, or other device identifying a product or company. Trademarks are registered via national trademark or patent offices and legally restrict the use of the device to the owner.

Besides a pale imprint embedded in a paper document, watermarks are also algorithms embedded inside a file which can be read by special readers, they are particularly relevant to image files.